| Title | Music, Poetry, and Politics in Averroes’s Commentary on Plato’s “Republic” |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 87–110 |
| Categories | Poetics, Politics, Plato |
| Author(s) | Douglas Kries |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| As our title announces, the current essay will explore three subjects that, in Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” lead from one into another, almost like a short series of stepping-stones. The first part of the essay will consider the treatment of music in the Commentary, arguing that Averroes effectively reduces music to poetry. The second of the stepping-stones will show that the Commentary credits poetry with educating the young especially and in that way transforms poetry into a political art for disciplining and educating citizens. The third will take up the question of the Andalusian's extended criticism of poetry's common practice of offering pleasurable prizes and rewards for virtue and show how the Commentator applies this criticism of poetry to the very author on whom he is commenting. In pursuing all three of these questions, we will focus squarely on Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” attempting to understand that text on its own terms but against its obvious background, the Republic of Plato. Nevertheless, in pursuing the teaching of The Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” we cannot neglect the important research that has been done in recent decades on classical Islamic philosophy's understanding of Aristotle's Organon generally and of the Poetics in particular. We will therefore turn to the reports of other scholars on these aspects of Averroes, at least to the extent that such reports will be helpful in enabling us to understand better the Commentary on Plato's “Republic.” In the Republic, Plato initiates his analysis of the education of the guardians with a discussion of music in the latter portions of book 2; that discussion extends through much of book 3. Averroes's corresponding treatment of the education of the guardians through music is in the “First Treatise” of the Commentary, mostly in a relatively lengthy and isolable section that extends from 29.9 through 36.5. During his treatment of music, Plato divides his subject into three parts: “melody is composed of three things—speech, harmonic mode, and rhythm.” Averroes seems to accept this division, although he inverts the order of the three elements: “A melody occurring in a narrative is composed of three things: rhythm, harmonic mode, and the speech to which the melody is set” (34.30–31). |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5350","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5350,"authors_free":[{"id":6200,"entry_id":5350,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Douglas Kries","free_first_name":"Douglas","free_last_name":"Kries","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Music, Poetry, and Politics in Averroes\u2019s Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Music, Poetry, and Politics in Averroes\u2019s Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"},"abstract":"As our title announces, the current essay will explore three subjects that, in Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d lead from one into another, almost like a short series of stepping-stones. The first part of the essay will consider the treatment of music in the Commentary, arguing that Averroes effectively reduces music to poetry. The second of the stepping-stones will show that the Commentary credits poetry with educating the young especially and in that way transforms poetry into a political art for disciplining and educating citizens. The third will take up the question of the Andalusian's extended criticism of poetry's common practice of offering pleasurable prizes and rewards for virtue and show how the Commentator applies this criticism of poetry to the very author on whom he is commenting. In pursuing all three of these questions, we will focus squarely on Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d attempting to understand that text on its own terms but against its obvious background, the Republic of Plato. Nevertheless, in pursuing the teaching of The Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d we cannot neglect the important research that has been done in recent decades on classical Islamic philosophy's understanding of Aristotle's Organon generally and of the Poetics in particular. We will therefore turn to the reports of other scholars on these aspects of Averroes, at least to the extent that such reports will be helpful in enabling us to understand better the Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic.\u201d\r\n\r\nIn the Republic, Plato initiates his analysis of the education of the guardians with a discussion of music in the latter portions of book 2; that discussion extends through much of book 3. Averroes's corresponding treatment of the education of the guardians through music is in the \u201cFirst Treatise\u201d of the Commentary, mostly in a relatively lengthy and isolable section that extends from 29.9 through 36.5. During his treatment of music, Plato divides his subject into three parts: \u201cmelody is composed of three things\u2014speech, harmonic mode, and rhythm.\u201d Averroes seems to accept this division, although he inverts the order of the three elements: \u201cA melody occurring in a narrative is composed of three things: rhythm, harmonic mode, and the speech to which the melody is set\u201d (34.30\u201331).","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.005","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5350,"section_of":5346,"pages":"87\u2013110","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983","book":{"id":5346,"pubplace":"","publisher":" Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6196,"entry_id":5346,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":" Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":" Alexander","free_last_name":" Orwin","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2022]}
| Title | Wonder in Aristotelian Arabic Poetics |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Published in | Arabic Poetics: Aesthetic Experience in Classical Arabic Literature |
| Pages | 75–134 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Poetics |
| Author(s) | Lara Harb |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Chapter 2 demonstrates that a similar shift took place in the reception of Aristotle’s Poetics in Arabic. Arabic philosophy was faced with the problem of making sense of the poetic as a type of syllogism, since it inherited a classification of Aristotle’s treatise as part of his books on logic (the Organon). While initial attempts in late antiquity distinguished the poetic from other types of syllogism based on its falsehood, Arabic philosophy, especially with Avicenna (d. 1037), decoupled the poetic from truth and falsehood and distinguished the kind of conclusion that one attains through the poetic syllogism as “make-believe” (takhyīl). This new solution shifted the assessment of the poetic from a statement’s truth and falsehood to its ability to conjure a make-believe image. This process was also expected to allow for an experience of discovery and wonder in the listener according to the philosophers. While Aristotle discussed wonder as resulting from manipulations of a tragic plot, Arabic philosophy developed a theory of wonder resulting from the verbal arts, especially simile and metaphor. The chapter follows the development of these ideas in the works of Averroes (d. 1198), al-Qarṭājannī (d. 1285), and al-Sijilmāsi (d. c. 1330). |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5364","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5364,"authors_free":[{"id":6215,"entry_id":5364,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1796,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Lara Harb","free_first_name":"Lara","free_last_name":"Harb","norm_person":{"id":1796,"first_name":"Lara","last_name":"Harb","full_name":"Lara Harb","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1210514850","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Lara Harb"}}],"entry_title":"Wonder in Aristotelian Arabic Poetics","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Wonder in Aristotelian Arabic Poetics"},"abstract":"Chapter 2 demonstrates that a similar shift took place in the reception of Aristotle\u2019s Poetics in Arabic. Arabic philosophy was faced with the problem of making sense of the poetic as a type of syllogism, since it inherited a classification of Aristotle\u2019s treatise as part of his books on logic (the Organon). While initial attempts in late antiquity distinguished the poetic from other types of syllogism based on its falsehood, Arabic philosophy, especially with Avicenna (d. 1037), decoupled the poetic from truth and falsehood and distinguished the kind of conclusion that one attains through the poetic syllogism as \u201cmake-believe\u201d (takhy\u012bl). This new solution shifted the assessment of the poetic from a statement\u2019s truth and falsehood to its ability to conjure a make-believe image. This process was also expected to allow for an experience of discovery and wonder in the listener according to the philosophers. While Aristotle discussed wonder as resulting from manipulations of a tragic plot, Arabic philosophy developed a theory of wonder resulting from the verbal arts, especially simile and metaphor. The chapter follows the development of these ideas in the works of Averroes (d. 1198), al-Qar\u1e6d\u0101jann\u012b (d. 1285), and al-Sijilm\u0101si (d. c. 1330).","btype":2,"date":"2020","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108780483.004","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"}],"authors":[{"id":1796,"full_name":"Lara Harb","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5364,"section_of":5363,"pages":"75\u2013134","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5363,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":1,"language":"en","title":"Arabic Poetics: Aesthetic Experience in Classical Arabic Literature","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2020","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"What makes language beautiful? Arabic Poetics offers an answer to what this pertinent question looked like at the height of the Islamic civilization. In this novel argument, Lara Harb suggests that literary quality depended on the ability of linguistic expression to produce an experience of discovery and wonder in the listener. Analyzing theories of how rhetorical figures, simile, metaphor, and sentence construction are able to achieve this effect of wonder, Harb shows how this aesthetic theory, first articulated at the turn of the eleventh century CE, represented a major paradigm shift from earlier Arabic criticism which based its judgement on criteria of truthfulness and naturalness. In doing so, this study poses a major challenge to the misconception in modern scholarship that Arabic criticism was 'traditionalist' or 'static', exposing an elegant widespread conceptual framework of literary beauty in the post-eleventh-century Islamicate world which is central to poetic criticism, the interpretation of Aristotle's Poetics in Arabic philosophy and the rationale underlying discussions about the inimitability of the Quran.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":" https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108780483","book":{"id":5363,"pubplace":"Cambridge","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","series":"Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6214,"entry_id":5363,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Lara Harb","free_first_name":"Lara","free_last_name":"Harb","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2020]}
| Title | Translating Catharsis: Aristotle and Averroës, the Scholastics and the Basochiens |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Published in | Rethinking Medieval Translation: Ethics, Politics, Theory |
| Pages | 84–106 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Transmission, Poetics |
| Author(s) | Noah D. Guynn |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This essay investigates translation, aesthetics and performance in the long Middle Ages, with particular emphasis on the transmission of Aristotle and the politics of festive drama: plays staged in public spaces for heterogeneous audiences during religious holidays. My main interest is κάθαρσις (katharsis), an abstruse term from the Poetics and Politics that gets translated and deployed in diverse, often incompatible ways by premodern and modern scholars and that has been used, both implicitly and explicitly, to account for the dynamics of performance and ritual in medieval festive settings. Though the Politics was widely available in Latin translation from 1260 on, its references to catharsis pertain mostly to musical aesthetics, and medieval intellectuals do not seem to have drawn from it a theory of theatrical reception. As for the Poetics, it was known almost exclusively through Averroës's Middle Commentary (1175), which Hermannus Alemannus translated into Latin in 1256. Having no understanding of Greek tragedy as theatre, Averroës, in keeping with previous Arabic readings of Aristotle, reorients the Poetics away from aesthetics towards logic. That tradition renders mimesis as the use of imaginative representations to move audiences unable to grasp more conclusive forms of reasoning to embrace the good. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5369","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5369,"authors_free":[{"id":6221,"entry_id":5369,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Noah D. Guynn","free_first_name":"Noah D.","free_last_name":"Guynn","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Translating Catharsis: Aristotle and Averro\u00ebs, the Scholastics and the Basochiens","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Translating Catharsis: Aristotle and Averro\u00ebs, the Scholastics and the Basochiens"},"abstract":"This essay investigates translation, aesthetics and performance in the long Middle Ages, with particular emphasis on the transmission of Aristotle and the politics of festive drama: plays staged in public spaces for heterogeneous audiences during religious holidays. My main interest is \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 (katharsis), an abstruse term from the Poetics and Politics that gets translated and deployed in diverse, often incompatible ways by premodern and modern scholars and that has been used, both implicitly and explicitly, to account for the dynamics of performance and ritual in medieval festive settings. Though the Politics was widely available in Latin translation from 1260 on, its references to catharsis pertain mostly to musical aesthetics, and medieval intellectuals do not seem to have drawn from it a theory of theatrical reception. As for the Poetics, it was known almost exclusively through Averro\u00ebs's Middle Commentary (1175), which Hermannus Alemannus translated into Latin in 1256. Having no understanding of Greek tragedy as theatre, Averro\u00ebs, in keeping with previous Arabic readings of Aristotle, reorients the Poetics away from aesthetics towards logic. That tradition renders mimesis as the use of imaginative representations to move audiences unable to grasp more conclusive forms of reasoning to embrace the good.","btype":2,"date":"2012","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":40,"category_name":"Transmission","link":"bib?categories[]=Transmission"},{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5369,"section_of":5368,"pages":"84\u2013106","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5368,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Rethinking Medieval Translation: Ethics, Politics, Theory","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2012","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"\u2018Engaging and informative to read, challenging in its assertions, and provocative in the best way, inviting the reader to sift, correlate and reflect on the broader applicability of points made in reference to a specific text or exchange.\u2019 Professor Carolyne P. Collette, Mount Holyoke College. Medieval notions of \u2018translatio\u2019 raise issues that have since been debated in contemporary translation studies concerning the translator's role as interpreter or author; the ability of translation to reinforce or unsettle linguistic or political dominance; and translation's capacity for establishing cultural contact, or participating in cultural appropriation or effacement. This collection puts these ethical and political issues centre stage, asking whether questions currently being posed by theorists of translation need rethinking or revising when brought into dialogue with medieval examples. Contributors explore translation - as a practice, a necessity, an impossibility and a multi-media form - through multiple perspectives on language, theory, dissemination and cultural transmission. Exploring texts, authors, languages and genres not often brought together in a single volume, individual essays focus on topics such as the politics of multilingualism, the role of translation in conflict situations, the translator's invisibility, hospitality, untranslatability and the limits of translation as a category. Emma Campbell is Associate Professor in French at the University of Warwick; Robert Mills is Lecturer in History of Art at University College London. Contributors: William Burgwinkle, Ardis Butterfield, Emma Campbell, Marilynn Desmond, Simon Gaunt, Jane Gilbert, Miranda Griffin, Noah D. Guynn, Catherine L\u00e9glu, Robert Mills, Zrinka Stahuljak, Luke Sunderland","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5368,"pubplace":"","publisher":"Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6219,"entry_id":5368,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Emma Campbell","free_first_name":"Emma","free_last_name":"Campbell","norm_person":null},{"id":6220,"entry_id":5368,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Robert Mills","free_first_name":"Robert","free_last_name":"Mills","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":[2012]}
| Title | Uno strano caso di “translatio studii”. La “Poetica” di Aristotele dal mondo arabo al mondo latino |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 2011 |
| Published in | L’antichità classica nel pensiero medievale |
| Pages | 131–147 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Tradition and Reception, Poetics |
| Author(s) | Francesca Forte |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5312","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5312,"authors_free":[{"id":6143,"entry_id":5312,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Francesca Forte","free_first_name":"Francesca","free_last_name":"Forte","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Uno strano caso di \u201ctranslatio studii\u201d. La \u201cPoetica\u201d di Aristotele dal mondo arabo al mondo latino","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Uno strano caso di \u201ctranslatio studii\u201d. La \u201cPoetica\u201d di Aristotele dal mondo arabo al mondo latino"},"abstract":"","btype":2,"date":"2011","language":"Italian","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"},{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5312,"section_of":5311,"pages":"131\u2013147","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5311,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"no language selected","title":"L\u2019antichit\u00e0 classica nel pensiero medievale","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2011","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5311,"pubplace":"Porto, Turnhout","publisher":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale des Instituts d'\u00c9tudes M\u00e9di\u00e9vales, Brepols","series":"Textes et \u00e9tudes du Moyen \u00e2ge ","volume":"61","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2011]}
| Title | Il ridicolo nel Commento medio di Averroè alla Poetica di Aristotele |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 2004 |
| Published in | Averroes and the Aristotelian Heritage |
| Pages | 149–158 |
| Categories | Poetics |
| Author(s) | Paolo Cosenza |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Il Commento medio di Averroè alla Poetica aristotelica. Elementi di poetica medievale comparata arabo-islamica e latino-cristiana |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 2004 |
| Published in | Averroes and the Aristotelian Heritage |
| Pages | 175–188 |
| Categories | Poetics, Latin Averroism |
| Author(s) | Giovanna Lelli |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"737","_score":null,"_source":{"id":737,"authors_free":[{"id":896,"entry_id":737,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":928,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Giovanna Lelli","free_first_name":"Giovanna","free_last_name":"Lelli","norm_person":{"id":928,"first_name":"Giovanna","last_name":"Lelli","full_name":"Giovanna Lelli","short_ident":"GioLel","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Giovanna Lelli"}}],"entry_title":"Il Commento medio di Averro\u00e8 alla Poetica aristotelica. Elementi di poetica medievale comparata arabo-islamica e latino-cristiana","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Il Commento medio di Averro\u00e8 alla Poetica aristotelica. Elementi di poetica medievale comparata arabo-islamica e latino-cristiana"},"abstract":null,"btype":2,"date":"2004","language":"Italian","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"},{"id":7,"category_name":"Latin Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Latin Averroism"}],"authors":[{"id":928,"full_name":"Giovanna Lelli","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":737,"section_of":40,"pages":"175\u2013188","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":40,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Averroes and the Aristotelian Heritage","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2004","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2004","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":40,"pubplace":"Naples","publisher":"Guida Editori","series":null,"volume":null,"edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2004]}
| Title | Il Commento medio di Averroè alla Poetica aristotelica. Elementi di poetica medievale comparata arabo-islamica e latino-cristiana |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 2004 |
| Published in | Averroes and the Aristotelian Heritage |
| Pages | 175–188 |
| Categories | Poetics, Latin Averroism |
| Author(s) | Giovanna Lelli |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"737","_score":null,"_source":{"id":737,"authors_free":[{"id":896,"entry_id":737,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":928,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Giovanna Lelli","free_first_name":"Giovanna","free_last_name":"Lelli","norm_person":{"id":928,"first_name":"Giovanna","last_name":"Lelli","full_name":"Giovanna Lelli","short_ident":"GioLel","is_classical_name":0,"dnb_url":"","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":1,"link":"bib?authors[]=Giovanna Lelli"}}],"entry_title":"Il Commento medio di Averro\u00e8 alla Poetica aristotelica. Elementi di poetica medievale comparata arabo-islamica e latino-cristiana","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"main_title":{"title":"Il Commento medio di Averro\u00e8 alla Poetica aristotelica. Elementi di poetica medievale comparata arabo-islamica e latino-cristiana"},"abstract":null,"btype":2,"date":"2004","language":"Italian","online_url":null,"doi_url":null,"ti_url":null,"categories":[{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"},{"id":7,"category_name":"Latin Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Latin Averroism"}],"authors":[{"id":928,"full_name":"Giovanna Lelli","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":737,"section_of":40,"pages":"175\u2013188","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":40,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"reference","type":4,"language":null,"title":"Averroes and the Aristotelian Heritage","title_transcript":null,"title_translation":null,"short_title":null,"has_no_author":0,"volume":null,"date":"2004","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2004","abstract":null,"republication_of":null,"online_url":null,"online_resources":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":40,"pubplace":"Naples","publisher":"Guida Editori","series":null,"volume":null,"edition_no":null,"valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":["Il Commento medio di Averro\u00e8 alla Poetica aristotelica. Elementi di poetica medievale comparata arabo-islamica e latino-cristiana"]}
| Title | Il ridicolo nel Commento medio di Averroè alla Poetica di Aristotele |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 2004 |
| Published in | Averroes and the Aristotelian Heritage |
| Pages | 149–158 |
| Categories | Poetics |
| Author(s) | Paolo Cosenza |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Music, Poetry, and Politics in Averroes’s Commentary on Plato’s “Republic” |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Published in | Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary |
| Pages | 87–110 |
| Categories | Poetics, Politics, Plato |
| Author(s) | Douglas Kries |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| As our title announces, the current essay will explore three subjects that, in Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” lead from one into another, almost like a short series of stepping-stones. The first part of the essay will consider the treatment of music in the Commentary, arguing that Averroes effectively reduces music to poetry. The second of the stepping-stones will show that the Commentary credits poetry with educating the young especially and in that way transforms poetry into a political art for disciplining and educating citizens. The third will take up the question of the Andalusian's extended criticism of poetry's common practice of offering pleasurable prizes and rewards for virtue and show how the Commentator applies this criticism of poetry to the very author on whom he is commenting. In pursuing all three of these questions, we will focus squarely on Averroes's Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” attempting to understand that text on its own terms but against its obvious background, the Republic of Plato. Nevertheless, in pursuing the teaching of The Commentary on Plato's “Republic,” we cannot neglect the important research that has been done in recent decades on classical Islamic philosophy's understanding of Aristotle's Organon generally and of the Poetics in particular. We will therefore turn to the reports of other scholars on these aspects of Averroes, at least to the extent that such reports will be helpful in enabling us to understand better the Commentary on Plato's “Republic.” In the Republic, Plato initiates his analysis of the education of the guardians with a discussion of music in the latter portions of book 2; that discussion extends through much of book 3. Averroes's corresponding treatment of the education of the guardians through music is in the “First Treatise” of the Commentary, mostly in a relatively lengthy and isolable section that extends from 29.9 through 36.5. During his treatment of music, Plato divides his subject into three parts: “melody is composed of three things—speech, harmonic mode, and rhythm.” Averroes seems to accept this division, although he inverts the order of the three elements: “A melody occurring in a narrative is composed of three things: rhythm, harmonic mode, and the speech to which the melody is set” (34.30–31). |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5350","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5350,"authors_free":[{"id":6200,"entry_id":5350,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Douglas Kries","free_first_name":"Douglas","free_last_name":"Kries","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Music, Poetry, and Politics in Averroes\u2019s Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Music, Poetry, and Politics in Averroes\u2019s Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"},"abstract":"As our title announces, the current essay will explore three subjects that, in Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d lead from one into another, almost like a short series of stepping-stones. The first part of the essay will consider the treatment of music in the Commentary, arguing that Averroes effectively reduces music to poetry. The second of the stepping-stones will show that the Commentary credits poetry with educating the young especially and in that way transforms poetry into a political art for disciplining and educating citizens. The third will take up the question of the Andalusian's extended criticism of poetry's common practice of offering pleasurable prizes and rewards for virtue and show how the Commentator applies this criticism of poetry to the very author on whom he is commenting. In pursuing all three of these questions, we will focus squarely on Averroes's Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d attempting to understand that text on its own terms but against its obvious background, the Republic of Plato. Nevertheless, in pursuing the teaching of The Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic,\u201d we cannot neglect the important research that has been done in recent decades on classical Islamic philosophy's understanding of Aristotle's Organon generally and of the Poetics in particular. We will therefore turn to the reports of other scholars on these aspects of Averroes, at least to the extent that such reports will be helpful in enabling us to understand better the Commentary on Plato's \u201cRepublic.\u201d\r\n\r\nIn the Republic, Plato initiates his analysis of the education of the guardians with a discussion of music in the latter portions of book 2; that discussion extends through much of book 3. Averroes's corresponding treatment of the education of the guardians through music is in the \u201cFirst Treatise\u201d of the Commentary, mostly in a relatively lengthy and isolable section that extends from 29.9 through 36.5. During his treatment of music, Plato divides his subject into three parts: \u201cmelody is composed of three things\u2014speech, harmonic mode, and rhythm.\u201d Averroes seems to accept this division, although he inverts the order of the three elements: \u201cA melody occurring in a narrative is composed of three things: rhythm, harmonic mode, and the speech to which the melody is set\u201d (34.30\u201331).","btype":2,"date":"2022","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983.005","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"},{"id":4,"category_name":"Politics","link":"bib?categories[]=Politics"},{"id":20,"category_name":"Plato","link":"bib?categories[]=Plato"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5350,"section_of":5346,"pages":"87\u2013110","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5346,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Plato's Republic in the Islamic Context. New Perspectives on Averroes's Commentary","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2022","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781800104983","book":{"id":5346,"pubplace":"","publisher":" Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6196,"entry_id":5346,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":" Alexander Orwin","free_first_name":" Alexander","free_last_name":" Orwin","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":["Music, Poetry, and Politics in Averroes\u2019s Commentary on Plato\u2019s \u201cRepublic\u201d"]}
| Title | Translating Catharsis: Aristotle and Averroës, the Scholastics and the Basochiens |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2012 |
| Published in | Rethinking Medieval Translation: Ethics, Politics, Theory |
| Pages | 84–106 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Commentary, Transmission, Poetics |
| Author(s) | Noah D. Guynn |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| This essay investigates translation, aesthetics and performance in the long Middle Ages, with particular emphasis on the transmission of Aristotle and the politics of festive drama: plays staged in public spaces for heterogeneous audiences during religious holidays. My main interest is κάθαρσις (katharsis), an abstruse term from the Poetics and Politics that gets translated and deployed in diverse, often incompatible ways by premodern and modern scholars and that has been used, both implicitly and explicitly, to account for the dynamics of performance and ritual in medieval festive settings. Though the Politics was widely available in Latin translation from 1260 on, its references to catharsis pertain mostly to musical aesthetics, and medieval intellectuals do not seem to have drawn from it a theory of theatrical reception. As for the Poetics, it was known almost exclusively through Averroës's Middle Commentary (1175), which Hermannus Alemannus translated into Latin in 1256. Having no understanding of Greek tragedy as theatre, Averroës, in keeping with previous Arabic readings of Aristotle, reorients the Poetics away from aesthetics towards logic. That tradition renders mimesis as the use of imaginative representations to move audiences unable to grasp more conclusive forms of reasoning to embrace the good. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5369","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5369,"authors_free":[{"id":6221,"entry_id":5369,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Noah D. Guynn","free_first_name":"Noah D.","free_last_name":"Guynn","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Translating Catharsis: Aristotle and Averro\u00ebs, the Scholastics and the Basochiens","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Translating Catharsis: Aristotle and Averro\u00ebs, the Scholastics and the Basochiens"},"abstract":"This essay investigates translation, aesthetics and performance in the long Middle Ages, with particular emphasis on the transmission of Aristotle and the politics of festive drama: plays staged in public spaces for heterogeneous audiences during religious holidays. My main interest is \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 (katharsis), an abstruse term from the Poetics and Politics that gets translated and deployed in diverse, often incompatible ways by premodern and modern scholars and that has been used, both implicitly and explicitly, to account for the dynamics of performance and ritual in medieval festive settings. Though the Politics was widely available in Latin translation from 1260 on, its references to catharsis pertain mostly to musical aesthetics, and medieval intellectuals do not seem to have drawn from it a theory of theatrical reception. As for the Poetics, it was known almost exclusively through Averro\u00ebs's Middle Commentary (1175), which Hermannus Alemannus translated into Latin in 1256. Having no understanding of Greek tragedy as theatre, Averro\u00ebs, in keeping with previous Arabic readings of Aristotle, reorients the Poetics away from aesthetics towards logic. That tradition renders mimesis as the use of imaginative representations to move audiences unable to grasp more conclusive forms of reasoning to embrace the good.","btype":2,"date":"2012","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":23,"category_name":"Commentary","link":"bib?categories[]=Commentary"},{"id":40,"category_name":"Transmission","link":"bib?categories[]=Transmission"},{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5369,"section_of":5368,"pages":"84\u2013106","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5368,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":4,"language":"en","title":"Rethinking Medieval Translation: Ethics, Politics, Theory","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2012","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"\u2018Engaging and informative to read, challenging in its assertions, and provocative in the best way, inviting the reader to sift, correlate and reflect on the broader applicability of points made in reference to a specific text or exchange.\u2019 Professor Carolyne P. Collette, Mount Holyoke College. Medieval notions of \u2018translatio\u2019 raise issues that have since been debated in contemporary translation studies concerning the translator's role as interpreter or author; the ability of translation to reinforce or unsettle linguistic or political dominance; and translation's capacity for establishing cultural contact, or participating in cultural appropriation or effacement. This collection puts these ethical and political issues centre stage, asking whether questions currently being posed by theorists of translation need rethinking or revising when brought into dialogue with medieval examples. Contributors explore translation - as a practice, a necessity, an impossibility and a multi-media form - through multiple perspectives on language, theory, dissemination and cultural transmission. Exploring texts, authors, languages and genres not often brought together in a single volume, individual essays focus on topics such as the politics of multilingualism, the role of translation in conflict situations, the translator's invisibility, hospitality, untranslatability and the limits of translation as a category. Emma Campbell is Associate Professor in French at the University of Warwick; Robert Mills is Lecturer in History of Art at University College London. Contributors: William Burgwinkle, Ardis Butterfield, Emma Campbell, Marilynn Desmond, Simon Gaunt, Jane Gilbert, Miranda Griffin, Noah D. Guynn, Catherine L\u00e9glu, Robert Mills, Zrinka Stahuljak, Luke Sunderland","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":"","book":{"id":5368,"pubplace":"","publisher":"Boydell & Brewer","series":"","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6219,"entry_id":5368,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Emma Campbell","free_first_name":"Emma","free_last_name":"Campbell","norm_person":null},{"id":6220,"entry_id":5368,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"},"free_name":"Robert Mills","free_first_name":"Robert","free_last_name":"Mills","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":["Translating Catharsis: Aristotle and Averro\u00ebs, the Scholastics and the Basochiens"]}
| Title | Uno strano caso di “translatio studii”. La “Poetica” di Aristotele dal mondo arabo al mondo latino |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | Italian |
| Date | 2011 |
| Published in | L’antichità classica nel pensiero medievale |
| Pages | 131–147 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Tradition and Reception, Poetics |
| Author(s) | Francesca Forte |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Wonder in Aristotelian Arabic Poetics |
| Type | Book Section |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Published in | Arabic Poetics: Aesthetic Experience in Classical Arabic Literature |
| Pages | 75–134 |
| Categories | al-Fārābī, Avicenna, Poetics |
| Author(s) | Lara Harb |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| Chapter 2 demonstrates that a similar shift took place in the reception of Aristotle’s Poetics in Arabic. Arabic philosophy was faced with the problem of making sense of the poetic as a type of syllogism, since it inherited a classification of Aristotle’s treatise as part of his books on logic (the Organon). While initial attempts in late antiquity distinguished the poetic from other types of syllogism based on its falsehood, Arabic philosophy, especially with Avicenna (d. 1037), decoupled the poetic from truth and falsehood and distinguished the kind of conclusion that one attains through the poetic syllogism as “make-believe” (takhyīl). This new solution shifted the assessment of the poetic from a statement’s truth and falsehood to its ability to conjure a make-believe image. This process was also expected to allow for an experience of discovery and wonder in the listener according to the philosophers. While Aristotle discussed wonder as resulting from manipulations of a tragic plot, Arabic philosophy developed a theory of wonder resulting from the verbal arts, especially simile and metaphor. The chapter follows the development of these ideas in the works of Averroes (d. 1198), al-Qarṭājannī (d. 1285), and al-Sijilmāsi (d. c. 1330). |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5364","_score":null,"_ignored":["booksection.book.abstract.keyword"],"_source":{"id":5364,"authors_free":[{"id":6215,"entry_id":5364,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":1,"person_id":1796,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Lara Harb","free_first_name":"Lara","free_last_name":"Harb","norm_person":{"id":1796,"first_name":"Lara","last_name":"Harb","full_name":"Lara Harb","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1210514850","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null,"link":"bib?authors[]=Lara Harb"}}],"entry_title":"Wonder in Aristotelian Arabic Poetics","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Wonder in Aristotelian Arabic Poetics"},"abstract":"Chapter 2 demonstrates that a similar shift took place in the reception of Aristotle\u2019s Poetics in Arabic. Arabic philosophy was faced with the problem of making sense of the poetic as a type of syllogism, since it inherited a classification of Aristotle\u2019s treatise as part of his books on logic (the Organon). While initial attempts in late antiquity distinguished the poetic from other types of syllogism based on its falsehood, Arabic philosophy, especially with Avicenna (d. 1037), decoupled the poetic from truth and falsehood and distinguished the kind of conclusion that one attains through the poetic syllogism as \u201cmake-believe\u201d (takhy\u012bl). This new solution shifted the assessment of the poetic from a statement\u2019s truth and falsehood to its ability to conjure a make-believe image. This process was also expected to allow for an experience of discovery and wonder in the listener according to the philosophers. While Aristotle discussed wonder as resulting from manipulations of a tragic plot, Arabic philosophy developed a theory of wonder resulting from the verbal arts, especially simile and metaphor. The chapter follows the development of these ideas in the works of Averroes (d. 1198), al-Qar\u1e6d\u0101jann\u012b (d. 1285), and al-Sijilm\u0101si (d. c. 1330).","btype":2,"date":"2020","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108780483.004","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":28,"category_name":"al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b","link":"bib?categories[]=al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":44,"category_name":"Poetics","link":"bib?categories[]=Poetics"}],"authors":[{"id":1796,"full_name":"Lara Harb","role":1}],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":{"id":5364,"section_of":5363,"pages":"75\u2013134","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":5363,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":"bibliography","type":1,"language":"en","title":"Arabic Poetics: Aesthetic Experience in Classical Arabic Literature","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2020","edition_no":null,"free_date":null,"abstract":"What makes language beautiful? Arabic Poetics offers an answer to what this pertinent question looked like at the height of the Islamic civilization. In this novel argument, Lara Harb suggests that literary quality depended on the ability of linguistic expression to produce an experience of discovery and wonder in the listener. Analyzing theories of how rhetorical figures, simile, metaphor, and sentence construction are able to achieve this effect of wonder, Harb shows how this aesthetic theory, first articulated at the turn of the eleventh century CE, represented a major paradigm shift from earlier Arabic criticism which based its judgement on criteria of truthfulness and naturalness. In doing so, this study poses a major challenge to the misconception in modern scholarship that Arabic criticism was 'traditionalist' or 'static', exposing an elegant widespread conceptual framework of literary beauty in the post-eleventh-century Islamicate world which is central to poetic criticism, the interpretation of Aristotle's Poetics in Arabic philosophy and the rationale underlying discussions about the inimitability of the Quran.","republication_of":0,"online_url":"","online_resources":null,"translation_of":"0","new_edition_of":"0","is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"ti_url":"","doi_url":" https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108780483","book":{"id":5363,"pubplace":"Cambridge","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","series":"Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"persons":[{"id":6214,"entry_id":5363,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Lara Harb","free_first_name":"Lara","free_last_name":"Harb","norm_person":null}]}},"article":null},"sort":["Wonder in Aristotelian Arabic Poetics"]}